bitnamicharts/mariadb repository overview

⁠Bitnami Secure Images Helm chart for MariaDB

MariaDB is an open source, community-developed SQL database server that is widely in use around the world due to its enterprise features, flexibility, and collaboration with leading tech firms.

Overview of MariaDB⁠

Trademarks: This software listing is packaged by Bitnami. The respective trademarks mentioned in the offering are owned by the respective companies, and use of them does not imply any affiliation or endorsement.

⁠TL;DR

helm install my-release oci://registry-1.docker.io/bitnamicharts/mariadb

⁠Why use Bitnami Secure Images?

Those are hardened, minimal CVE images built and maintained by Bitnami. Bitnami Secure Images are based on the cloud-optimized, security-hardened enterprise OS Photon Linux⁠. Why choose BSI images?

• Hardened secure images of popular open source software with Near-Zero Vulnerabilities
• Vulnerability Triage & Prioritization with VEX Statements, KEV and EPSS Scores
• Compliance focus with FIPS, STIG, and air-gap options, including secure bill of materials (SBOM)
• Software supply chain provenance attestation through in-toto
• First class support for the internet’s favorite Helm charts

Each image comes with valuable security metadata. You can view the metadata in our public catalog here⁠. Note: Some data is only available with commercial subscriptions to BSI⁠.

If you are looking for our previous generation of images based on Debian Linux, please see the Bitnami Legacy registry⁠.

⁠Introduction

This chart bootstraps a MariaDB⁠ replication cluster deployment on a Kubernetes⁠ cluster using the Helm⁠ package manager.

MariaDB is developed as open source software and as a relational database it provides an SQL interface for accessing data. The latest versions of MariaDB also include GIS and JSON features.

⁠Prerequisites

• Kubernetes 1.23+
• Helm 3.8.0+
• PV provisioner support in the underlying infrastructure

⁠Installing the Chart

To install the chart with the release name my-release:

helm install my-release oci://REGISTRY_NAME/REPOSITORY_NAME/mariadb

The command deploys MariaDB on the Kubernetes cluster in the default configuration. The Parameters⁠ section lists the parameters that can be configured during installation.

⁠Configuration and installation details

⁠Resource requests and limits

Bitnami charts allow setting resource requests and limits for all containers inside the chart deployment. These are inside the resources value (check parameter table). Setting requests is essential for production workloads and these should be adapted to your specific use case.

To make this process easier, the chart contains the resourcesPreset values, which automatically sets the resources section according to different presets. Check these presets in the bitnami/common chart⁠. However, in production workloads using resourcesPreset is discouraged as it may not fully adapt to your specific needs. Find more information on container resource management in the official Kubernetes documentation⁠.

⁠Prometheus metrics

This chart can be integrated with Prometheus by setting metrics.enabled to true. This will deploy a sidecar container with mysqld_exporter⁠ in all pods and will expose it via the MariaDB service. This service will have the necessary annotations to be automatically scraped by Prometheus.

⁠Prometheus requirements

It is necessary to have a working installation of Prometheus or Prometheus Operator for the integration to work. Install the Bitnami Prometheus helm chart⁠ or the Bitnami Kube Prometheus helm chart⁠ to easily have a working Prometheus in your cluster.

⁠Integration with Prometheus Operator

The chart can deploy ServiceMonitor objects for integration with Prometheus Operator installations. To do so, set the value metrics.serviceMonitor.enabled=true. Ensure that the Prometheus Operator CustomResourceDefinitions are installed in the cluster or it will fail with the following error:

no matches for kind "ServiceMonitor" in version "monitoring.coreos.com/v1"

Install the Bitnami Kube Prometheus helm chart⁠ for having the necessary CRDs and the Prometheus Operator.

⁠Rolling VS Immutable tags⁠

It is strongly recommended to use immutable tags in a production environment. This ensures your deployment does not change automatically if the same tag is updated with a different image.

Bitnami will release a new chart updating its containers if a new version of the main container, significant changes, or critical vulnerabilities exist.

⁠Change MariaDB version

To modify the MariaDB version used in this chart you can specify a valid image tag⁠ using the image.tag parameter. For example, image.tag=X.Y.Z. This approach is also applicable to other images like exporters.

⁠Update credentials

Bitnami charts, with its default settings, configure credentials at first boot. Any further change in the secrets or credentials can be done using one of the following methods:

⁠Manual update of the passwords and secrets

• Update the user password following the upstream documentation⁠
• Update the password secret with the new values (replace the SECRET_NAME, PASSWORD and ROOT_PASSWORD placeholders)

kubectl create secret generic SECRET_NAME --from-literal=password=PASSWORD --from-literal=root-password=ROOT_PASSWORD --dry-run -o yaml | kubectl apply -f -

⁠Automated update using a password update job

The Bitnami MariaDB provides a password update job that will automatically change the MariaDB passwords when running helm upgrade. To enable the job set passwordUpdateJob.enabled=true. This job requires:

• The new passwords: this is configured using either auth.rootPassword, auth.password and auth.replicationPassword (if applicable) or setting auth.existingSecret.
• The previous passwords: This value is taken automatically from already deployed secret object. If you are using auth.existingSecret or helm template instead of helm upgrade, then set either passwordUpdate.job.previousPasswords.rootPassword, passwordUpdate.job.previousPasswords.password, passwordUpdate.job.previousPasswords.replicationPassword (when applicable), setting auth.existingSecret.

In the following example we update the password via values.yaml in a mariadb installation with replication

architecture: "replication"

auth:
  user: "user"
  rootPassword: "newRootPassword123"
  password: "newUserPassword123"
  replicationPassword: "newReplicationPassword123"

passwordUpdateJob:
  enabled: true

In this example we use two existing secrets (new-password-secret and previous-password-secret) to update the passwords:

auth:
  existingSecret: new-password-secret

passwordUpdateJob:
  enabled: true
  previousPasswords:
    existingSecret: previous-password-secret

You can add extra update commands using the passwordUpdateJob.extraCommands value.

⁠Initialize a fresh instance

The Bitnami MariaDB⁠ image allows you to use your custom scripts to initialize a fresh instance. Custom scripts may be specified using the initdbScripts parameter. Alternatively, an external ConfigMap may be created with all the initialization scripts and the ConfigMap passed to the chart via the initdbScriptsConfigMap parameter. Note that this will override the initdbScripts parameter.

The allowed extensions are .sh, .sql and .sql.gz.

These scripts are treated differently depending on their extension. While .sh scripts are executed on all the nodes, .sql and .sql.gz scripts are only executed on the primary nodes. This is because .sh scripts support conditional tests to identify the type of node they are running on, while such tests are not supported in .sql or .sql.gz files.

When using a .sh script, you may wish to perform a "one-time" action like creating a database. This can be achieved by adding a condition in the script to ensure that it is executed only on one node, as shown in the example below:

initdbScripts:
  my_init_script.sh: |
    #!/bin/sh
    if [[ $(hostname) == *primary* ]]; then
      echo "Primary node"
      mysql -P 3306 -uroot -prandompassword -e "create database new_database";
    else
      echo "No primary node"
    fi

⁠Securing traffic using TLS

This chart supports encrypting communications using TLS. To enable this feature, set the tls.enabled.

It is necessary to create a secret containing the TLS certificates and pass it to the chart via the tls.existingSecret parameter. Every secret should contain a tls.crt and tls.key keys including the certificate and key files respectively and, optionally, a ca.crt key including the CA certificate. For example: create the secret with the certificates files:

kubectl create secret generic tls-secret --from-file=./tls.crt --from-file=./tls.key --from-file=./ca.crt

You can manually create the required TLS certificates or relying on the chart auto-generation capabilities. The chart supports two different ways to auto-generate the required certificates:

• Using Helm capabilities. Enable this feature by setting tls.autoGenerated.enabled to true and tls.autoGenerated.engine to helm.
• Relying on CertManager (please note it's required to have CertManager installed in your K8s cluster). Enable this feature by setting tls.autoGenerated.enabled to true and tls.autoGenerated.engine to cert-manager. Please note it's supported to use an existing Issuer/ClusterIssuer for issuing the TLS certificates by setting the tls.autoGenerated.certManager.existingIssuer and tls.autoGenerated.certManager.existingIssuerKind parameters.

⁠Securing data at rest using Transparent Data Encryption

This chart supports encrypting data at rest using Transparent Data Encryption (TDE). To enable this feature, set the tde.enabled.

The chart supports two different ways to enable TDE:

• Using Kubernetes secret to store the encryption keys. Enable this feature by setting tde.enabled to true and tde.existingSecret to the name of the secret containing the random key and the encrypted TDE key.
• Using the Secrets Store CSI Driver to store the encryption keys. Enable this feature by setting tde.enabled to true and tde.secretsStoreProvider.enabled to true. Currently only the vault provider is supported and requires further parameters to be set for secret keys and paths to the encryption keys.

To simplify the configuration the chart defaults most configuration values for TDE and file key management encryption plugin⁠. For more information, on creating the required keys to enable TDE please refer to the mariaDB blog post here⁠.

⁠Using Kubernetes secret to store the encryption keys

To enable TDE using Kubernetes secret, create a secret containing the random key and the encrypted TDE key.

kubectl create secret generic mariadb-tde-secret --namespace=mariadb \
  --from-file=./mariadb/encryption/keyfile.key \
  --from-file=./mariadb/encryption/keyfile.enc

⁠Using the Secrets Store CSI Driver to store the encryption keys in Hashicorp Vault

To enable TDE using the Secrets Store CSI Driver, create a secret containing the random key and the encrypted TDE key. When using the Secrets Store CSI Driver, the tde.secretsStoreProvider.vault parameters should be configured. Secrets in Hashicorp Vault are used to store the random key and the encrypted TDE key. The key files must be stored as base64 encoded values.

export KEYFILE_KEY=$(cat ./mariadb/encryption/keyfile.key|base64)
export KEYFILE_ENC=$(cat ./mariadb/encryption/keyfile.enc|base64)

vault kv put secrets-kv/keyfile key="$KEYFILE_KEY" enc="$KEYFILE_ENC"

The SecretProviderClass for vault at minimum requires the tde.secretsStoreProvider.vault.roleName, tde.secretsStoreProvider.vault.*KeySecretPath and tde.secretsStoreProvider.vault.*SecretKey parameters to be set for the secret values to properly be mounted.

⁠Sidecars and Init Containers

If additional containers are needed in the same pod as MariaDB (such as additional metrics or logging exporters), they can be defined using the sidecars parameter.

sidecars:
- name: your-image-name
  image: your-image
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  ports:
  - name: portname
    containerPort: 1234

If these sidecars export extra ports, extra port definitions can be added using the service.extraPorts parameter (where available), as shown in the example below:

service:
  extraPorts:
  - name: extraPort
    port: 11311
    targetPort: 11311

If additional init containers are needed in the same pod, they can be defined using the initContainers parameter. Here is an example:

initContainers:
  - name: your-image-name
    image: your-image
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    ports:
      - name: portname
        containerPort: 1234

Learn more about sidecar containers⁠ and init containers⁠.

⁠Backup and restore

To back up and restore Helm chart deployments on Kubernetes, you need to back up the persistent volumes from the source deployment and attach them to a new deployment using Velero⁠, a Kubernetes backup/restore tool. Find the instructions for using Velero in this guide⁠.

⁠Persistence

The Bitnami MariaDB⁠ image stores the MariaDB data and configurations at the /bitnami/mariadb path of the container.

The chart mounts a Persistent Volume⁠ volume at this location. The volume is created using dynamic volume provisioning, by default. An existing PersistentVolumeClaim can also be defined.

If you encounter errors when working with persistent volumes, refer to our troubleshooting guide for persistent volumes⁠.

⁠Adjust permissions of persistent volume mountpoint

As the image run as non-root by default, it is necessary to adjust the ownership of the persistent volume so that the container can write data into it.

By default, the chart is configured to use Kubernetes Security Context to automatically change the ownership of the volume. However, this feature does not work in all Kubernetes distributions.

As an alternative, this chart supports using an initContainer to change the ownership of the volume before mounting it in the final destination. You can enable this initContainer by setting volumePermissions.enabled to true.

⁠Parameters

⁠Global parameters

⁠Common parameters

⁠MariaDB common parameters

Note: the README for this chart is longer than the DockerHub length limit of 25000, so it has been trimmed. The full README can be found at https://github.com/bitnami/charts/blob/main/bitnami/mariadb/README.md⁠